\n\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, \u7136\u800c\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6c14\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3b, \u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6, \u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8005, \u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u751f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4eba\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0, \u6216\u8bb8\u548c\u60a8\u4e5f\u6709\u5171\u9e23?\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7:\u8bf7\u95ee\u5085\u5f1f\u5144,\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u600e\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c,\u8bf7\u7b80\u5355\u5411\u65b0\u4eba\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e4b\u524d, \u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5148\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8eab\u4efd, \u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4e9b\u6210\u7ee9, \u4f46\u8fd9\u8363\u8000\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u62c9\u970d\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240(La Jolla Institute) \u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3, \u62c5\u4efb\u8ba1\u7b97\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u804c\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b, \u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66, \u86cb\u767d\u7ec4\u5b66, \u8f6c\u5f55\u7ec4\u5b66\u548c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u6570\u636e, \u5e0c\u5180\u4ece\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u764c\u75c7\u7ec6\u80de\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6807\u8bb0\u7269 (biomarkers), \u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u764c\u75c7\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7c7b\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u9879\u76ee (human immunology project consortium) \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6, \u7275\u5934\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5927\u578b\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee, \u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u7740\u5206\u6790\u6d77\u91cf\u7684 T \u7ec6\u80de\u8f6c\u5f55\u7ec4\u5b66\u6570\u636e, \u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u6b64\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u548c\u767b\u9769\u70ed\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u8fd8\u62c5\u8d1f\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6297\u539f\u8868\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u5e93 (Immune Epitope Database, IEDB) \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u6211\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5b66\u520a\u4e0a, \u5305\u62ec\u300a\u81ea\u7136 – \u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u300b (Nature Immunology), \u300a\u8fc7\u654f\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u300b(Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) \u548c\u300a\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u7814 \u7a76\u300b(Genome Research) \u7b49\u3002\u6700\u540e, \u6211\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u5bb6\u671f\u520a \u7684\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4e13\u5bb6, \u5305\u62ec\u300a\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u300b(Bioinformatics), \u300a \u533b \u5b66 \u7814 \u7a76 \u4e2d \u7684 \u7edf \u8ba1 \u65b9 \u6cd5\u300b(Statistical Methods in Medical Research) \u548c \u300aBMC \u751f \u7269 \u4fe1 \u606f \u5b66 \u300b(BMC Bioinformatics) \u7b49\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7: \u60a8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u4eba\u5b66\u8005\u770b\u6765\u503c\u5f97\u7fa1\u6155, \u8bf7\u95ee\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6210\u957f\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u957f\u5927\u7684?<\/p>\n
\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u6211\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u9999\u4e16\u5bb6, \u7956\u7236\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7956\u7236\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6, \u4e00\u751f\u8457\u4f5c\u7b49\u8eab\u3002 \u4ed6\u6240\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66, \u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u5fc5\u8bfb\u4e66\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u7237\u7237\u6709\u4e00\u645e\u5199\u6ee1\u4e86\u8da3\u5473\u6570\u5b66\u9898\u7684 \u5361\u7247\u3002\u95f2\u6765\u65e0\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u6211\u62b1\u81f3\u819d\u4e0a, \u548c\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u8a00, \u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u5374\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u5c11\u65e0\u9002\u4fd7\u97f5, \u6027\u672c\u7231\u4e18\u5c71\u3002 \u6211\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6691\u5047\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5468\u8fb9\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u6797\u573a\u91cc\u5ea6 \u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u5206\u8fa8\u6709\u6591\u767e\u5408\u5728\u6e05\u6668\u548c\u664c\u5348\u6240\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9999\u6c14\u3002\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8046\u542c\u65e5\u66ae\u65f6\u5206\u4f2f\u52b3\u547c\u5524\u5e7c\u9e1f\u5f52\u5de2\u7684\u9e23\u557c, \u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u7d6e\u53e8\u3002\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u74e3\u854a\u5510\u677e\u8349 \u5728\u773c\u524d\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u5730\u7efd\u653e, \u597d\u50cf\u5728\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u8349\u7538\u4e0a\u6162\u6162\u5730\u5f00\u6ee1 \u4e86\u96ea\u82b1\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6848\u5934\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740 \u5176\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6807\u672c\u3002\u6211\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7231\u597d\u8005, \u4f46 \u662f\u6211\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u672c\u6211\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4e0a\u4e86\u9ad8\u4e2d \u4ee5\u540e, \u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u91cc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6211\u7684 \u6c42\u77e5\u6b32\u4e86\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u81ea\u5fc3\u5e95\u7684\u70ed\u7231, \u6211\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u52a0 \u4e86\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5965\u6821\u3002\u5965\u6821\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u6388\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5927\u5b66\u751f \u7269\u672c\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e3a\u4e3b , \u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u548c\u6211\u540c\u53bb\u7684\u540c\u6821\u540c\u5b66\u5927\u7ea6 \u6709 10 \u6765\u4f4d, \u540e\u6765\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168 \u542c\u61c2\u8001\u5e08\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9, \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4f1a\u7aed\u5c3d\u5168\u529b\u5730\u8bb0\u597d\u7b14\u8bb0, \u8bfe \u540e\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u7167\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6750\u590d\u4e60\u5e76\u627e\u8001\u5e08\u7b54\u7591\u3002\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e3e\u4e00\u52a8\u5728 \u9ad8\u4e2d\u540c\u73ed\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u773c\u91cc\u7b80\u76f4\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6211\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u751f \u7269\u5b66\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8003\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u5fc5\u8003\u7684\u79d1\u76ee, \u4e5f \u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u5de5\u592b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5b9e\u5728\u6c89\u9189\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u540e\u6765\u5728 \u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5965\u8d5b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u8bba\u8003\u8bd5, \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8003\u6838\u548c\u603b\u6210\u7ee9\u4e09 \u9879\u51a0\u519b, \u7ee7\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e5d\u5e74\u4ee3\u8868\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5965\u8d5b\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230 \u94dc\u724c\u3002\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u3007\u5e74, \u6211\u88ab\u5317\u5927\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u5f55\u53d6\u3002\u518d\u4e4b\u540e\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e \u56fd\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb, \u4e3b\u4fee\u8ba1\u7b97\u751f\u7269\u5b66, \u8f85\u4fee\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66, \u4e8c\u3007\u4e00\u4e8c\u5e74\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u524d\u5f80\u62c9\u970d\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7: \u60a8\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e66\u9999\u4e16\u5bb6, \u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92, \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u548c\u60a8\u6210\u957f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684, \u60a8\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8?<\/p>\n
\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u5f88\u591a\u8bfb\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u4fe1\u8036 \u7a23, \u53ef\u662f\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0a\u8ba9\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684 \u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u96be\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3a\u7740\u884c\u6587\u65b9\u4fbf, \u6211\u60f3\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa \u672c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5: \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u662f\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de \u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u91cc\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5668, \u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269(\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7075\u957f \u7c7b\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b)\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u3002 \u4eba\u7c7b\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u75be \u75c5, \u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u80ce\u513f\u81f4\u7578\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5047\u5b9a\u4eba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7075 \u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u5982\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u9ed1 \u7329\u7329(\u5305\u62ec\u7329\u7329\u3001\u5927\u7329\u7329\u548c\u7ea2\u6bdb\u7329\u7329)\u6709 24 \u5bf9(48 \u6761) \u67d3\u8272\u4f53, \u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u5b9a,\u8fd9\u5171\u540c\u7684\u53e4\u733f\u7956\u5148\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5 \u90fd\u6709 24 \u5bf9(48 \u6761)\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u624d\u5bf9\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u534e\u88d4\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 \u848b\u6709\u5174(Joe Hin Tjio)\u548c\u5f90\u9053\u89c9(Tao-Chiuh Hsu)\u5229\u7528 \u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u67d3\u8272\u6280\u672f, \u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684 \u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u6570\u662f 23 \u5bf9(46 \u6761)\u800c\u4e0d\u662f 24 \u5bf9(48 \u6761)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a \u53d1\u73b0\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u754c, \u4e5f\u7ed9\u524d\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u662f“\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u3001\u8fde\u7eed \u7684\u3001\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u53d8\u5f02”(by numerous, successive, slight modifications)\u6e10\u53d8\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53 \u6570\u76ee\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u6574\u6570, \u6545\u800c\u5728 24 \u5bf9(48 \u6761)\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u9ed1\u7329 \u7329\u6216\u53e4\u733f\u7956\u5148\u548c 23 \u5bf9(46 \u6761)\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4, \u4e0d \u5b58\u5728\u5177\u6709 47.99, 47.98,……,46.01 \u6761\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7684\u5904\u5728\u6e10\u53d8 \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u733f\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55, \u539f\u6765\u6839 \u636e\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7956\u5148, \u5982\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba, \u5317 \u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u7b49, \u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u3002 \u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5e38\u8bc6, \u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u8131\u5f00\u8fdb\u5316 \u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6210\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u91cc, \u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4fe1 \u4ef0\u7684\u963b\u788d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u6765\u7684, \u5e76\u4e0d \u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u56db\u7ae0\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u8282\u8bf4: “\u795e\u662f\u7075, \u656c\u62dc\u7942\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7075\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u91cc\u656c\u62dc\u3002” \u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u60f3\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u6240\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e09\u4e00\u795e, \u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u6765\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u7075\u7684\u795e\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u4e03 \u5e74\u516b\u6708\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8e0f\u4e0a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u62b5\u7f8e\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929, \u6211\u5c31\u88ab\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f1f\u5144\u9080\u8bf7\u53c2\u52a0\u5c0f\u6392\u805a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eba\u751f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21 \u53c2\u52a0\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u3002\u805a\u4f1a\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e74\u957f\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7533\u8a00\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed, \u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4e00\u5f00\u53e3\u5531\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u65f6 \u5019, \u6211\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5730\u6d41\u6cea\u3002\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u90fd\u5f88\u5947\u602a, \u7eb7\u7eb7\u8bae\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5730\u60f3 \u5bb6, \u53ea\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u91cc\u9762\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u4e86, \u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981 \u5730\u6d41\u6cea\u3002 \u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u540e\u624d\u660e\u767d, \u5c3d\u7ba1\u90a3\u65f6\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4eba \u91cc\u9762\u6709\u7075, \u4f46\u662f\u501f\u7740\u5531\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u547c\u6c42\u4e3b\u540d, \u6211\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7075\u88ab\u5f00 \u542f, \u78b0\u7740\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u662f\u7075\u7684\u795e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u771f\u7406\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a \u4e0a, \u6211\u5e73\u5b89\u53d7\u6d78\u5f52\u5165\u4e3b\u540d, \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u72b9\u8c6b\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u4e09 \u7ae0\u5341\u516d\u8282\u8bf4: “\u795e\u7231\u4e16\u4eba, \u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u7942\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u8d50\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec, \u53eb\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u5165\u7942\u7684,\u4e0d\u81f3\u706d\u4ea1,\u53cd\u5f97\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002” \u8fd9\u91cc\u4fe1 \u5165\u7684\u610f\u601d, \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e, \u66f4\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7528\u6211 \u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4f4d\u662f\u7075\u7684\u795e\u3002\u795e\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u9053 \u8def\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837, \u6211\u76fc\u671b\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u53c2 \u52a0\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u805a\u4f1a, \u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u501f\u7740\u64cd\u7ec3\u7075, \u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e76 \u4e3b\u89c2\u7ecf\u5386\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u53c8\u771f\u53c8\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u3002 \u56fa\u7136\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u51fa\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u9519\u8c2c, \u7136\u800c\u8981\u5c1d\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6069\u7684\u6ecb \u5473, \u624d\u77e5\u9053\u795e\u662f\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u3002\u76fc\u671b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u5c1d\u5230\u4e3b\u6069\u7684 \u6ecb\u5473\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7: \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff7\u4fe1, \u800c\u60a8\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9?\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 : \u5176\u4e00\u662f(\u751f\u547d)\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u5728 \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684? \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f, \u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5426\u5c31 \u662f\u843d\u540e\u7684, \u611a\u6627\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff7\u4fe1?\n<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t\u6211\u60f3\u5c31\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8c08\u8c08\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5 :
\n\t1. \u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8fdb\u6b65
\n\t\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u7574, \u5219\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f \u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd0\u7528\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u52a9\u79d1 \u5b66\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u89c4\u5f8b, \u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6539\u9020\u5ba2 \u89c2\u4e16\u754c, \u4ece\u800c\u5e0c\u5180\u501f\u6b64\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c, \u4eba\u7c7b\u6539\u9020 \u529b\u91cf\u8d8a\u5f3a, \u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66 \u5bb6\u6d77\u68ee\u5821(Werner Heisenberg)\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66, \u5374\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u6240\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7269\u7406 \u5b66\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u56fe\u666f\u300b(Das Nuturbild der heutigen Physik) \u4e2d\u5927\u6bb5\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b, \u4ee5\u9610\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u9669\u524d\u666f\u7684 \u770b\u6cd5: “\u6709\u673a\u68b0\u8005\u5fc5\u6709\u673a\u4e8b,\u6709\u673a\u4e8b\u8005\u5fc5\u6709\u673a\u5fc3\u3002\u673a\u5fc3\u5b58 \u4e8e\u80f8\u4e2d, \u5219\u7eaf\u767d\u4e0d\u5907; \u7eaf\u767d\u4e0d\u5907, \u5219\u795e\u751f\u4e0d\u5b9a; \u795e\u751f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8005, \u9053\u4e4b\u6240\u4e0d\u8f7d\u4e5f\u3002” \u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u89e3\u91ca\u51fa\u6765\u5927\u610f\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e \u79d1\u6280, \u79d1\u6280\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8d2a\u6c42\u53d6\u5de7\u4e4b\u5fc3,\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027, \u5bf9\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u770b\u91cd\u4e86\u3002“ \u7eaf\u767d\u4e0d\u5907, \u795e\u751f\u4e0d\u5b9a”\u516b \u4e2a\u5b57, \u4f20\u795e\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u53d8\u5316: \u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u66f4\u4e50\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4e8b\u7269, \u53ef\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bfb\u6c42\u5374 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5bfb\u89c1, \u5c31\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u5bfb\u6c42\u5404\u79cd\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d, \u8be5\u9690\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684“\u4f53\u7cfb”\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u795e, \u5176\u4e2d\u5305 \u62ec\u4e86\u5efa\u7b51\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u755c\u7267\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u79d1\u6280\u53ca\u6218\u4e89\u79d1\u6280\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9 \u4e00\u5207\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9690\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u795e\u7684\u540c\u5728, \u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u65e0 \u795e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9876\u66ff\u795e, \u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64, \u79d1\u5b66\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65b9\u6cd5, \u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u9886\u4eba\u8ba4 \u8bc6\u795e, \u5219\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u5176\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u6240\u8bf4,“\u795e\u90a3\u770b \u4e0d\u89c1\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u80fd, \u548c\u795e\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81, \u662f\u4eba\u6240\u6d1e\u89c1\u7684, \u4e43\u662f\u501f \u7740\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269, \u7ed9\u4eba\u6653\u5f97\u7684, \u53eb\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u8bff\u3002”(\u7f57\u4e00 20) \u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u4e3a\u62b5\u6321\u795e,\u53d6\u4ee3\u795e\u7684\u4ea7\u7269, \u5219\u79d1\u5b66\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e00\u79cd \u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t
\n\t2. \u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5076\u50cf
\n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a“\u79d1\u5b66”, \u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d85\u7a33 \u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784, \u800c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u529b\u91cf, \u5219\u662f\u5112 \u5bb6\u7684“\u9053\u7edf”\u3002\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u738b\u8239\u5c71\u8bf4 “\u653f\u7edf\u53ef\u65ad, \u9053\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u65ad”, \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bf4\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ea1, \u5929\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea1\u3002\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u88ab\u7834\u574f, \u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u51d1\u5408\u8d70\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002 \u4f46\u8fdb\u5165\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u540e, \u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9053\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f3a \u70c8\u51b2\u51fb, \u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7ecf\u5386\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5012\u53f0\u4e86, \u8fd9\u5c31 \u662f\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6240\u79f0\u7684 “\u6b64\u4e09\u5343\u4f59\u5e74\u4e00\u5927\u53d8\u5c40\u4e5f”\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5728\u88ab\u5f15 \u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f0a\u59cb, \u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9053\u7edf\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7231 \u597d\u8005\u620f\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f “\u79d1\u5b66\u795e\u6559”, \u4f7f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e86\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u793e \u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5d29\u574f\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5730 \u4f4d\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0, \u88ab\u8bf7\u4e0a\u4e86\u795e\u575b, \u5929\u7136\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86“\u6b63 \u786e , \u5148\u8fdb , \u5d07\u9ad8”\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u80e1\u9002\u665a\u5e74\u56de\u9996\u5f80\u4e8b, \u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u610f\u5473 \u6df1\u957f\u7684\u8bdd: “\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e8c\u3001 \u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u8d8b\u5411, \u671d\u79d1 \u5b66\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8d70, \u671d\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66 \u65b9\u6cd5\u8d70, \u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u670b\u53cb\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u5728\u300a\u65b0 \u9752\u5e74\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u62e5\u62a4‘\u5fb7’\u5148\u751f \u548c‘\u8d5b’\u5148\u751f, \u6211\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd, \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u4eba\u683c\u5316, \u628a\u5b83\u770b\u4f5c \u4eba, \u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u9519\u8bef\u7684, \u5bb9\u6613\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u3002 \u5bb9\u6613\u4eba\u683c\u5316, \u4e5f\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u5076\u50cf\u5316, \u5076 \u50cf\u5316\u4e86, \u4fbf\u4f1a\u76f2\u76ee\u5d07\u62dc …… \u5f53\u65f6 \u6211\u670b\u53cb\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u53ea\u8ba4\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd, \u4e0d \u77e5\u9053\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5, \u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef, \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002”\u80e1 \u9002\u662f\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6, \u4ed6\u6293\u4f4f \u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u70b9, \u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8131\u79bb\u4e86 \u539f\u672c\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u542b\u4e49, \u88ab\u4eba\u9ad8\u4e3e, \u5d07\u62dc, \u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5076\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\t3. \u795e\u9020\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b, \u5e76\u4f7f\u4eba\u501f\u7740 \u89c4\u5f8b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e \u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u79d1, \u5927\u4f53 \u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b: \u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u548c \u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1, \u63a2\u8ba8\u4f55\u4e3a“\u771f”; \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u4eba\u6587\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1, \u63a2 \u8ba8\u4f55\u4e3a“\u5584”; \u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u662f\u827a\u672f\u76f8\u5173 \u5b66\u79d1, \u63a2\u8ba8\u4f55\u4e3a“\u7f8e”\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba \u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u771f\u5584\u7f8e\u7684\u4e8b\u7269, \u8ba8\u538c\u5047\u6076\u4e11 \u7684\u4e8b\u7269, \u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a \u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u662f\u7167\u7740\u795e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c \u6837\u5f0f\u9020\u7684(\u521b\u4e00 16), \u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u795e\u7684 \u5f8b(\u7f57\u4e03 22)\u3002\u795e\u9020\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \u771f\u5584\u7f8e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027, \u4e8e\u662f\u4eba\u7167\u7740\u672c\u6027\u5c31 \u559c\u6b22\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e, \u53ea\u5bfb\u6c42\u795e\u521b\u9020\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b, \u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6839 \u672c\u7684\u76ee\u6807, \u751a\u81f3\u8fdf\u65e9\u5931\u53bb\u672c\u521d\u7684\u5bfb \u6c42\u3002\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u5728\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d, \u4ed6\u4eb2 \u773c\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u9020\u51fa \u6765\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668, \u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u672b\u65e5\u822c\u7684\u666f \u8c61,\u4ece\u800c\u9886\u609f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u79d1\u5b66 \u6280\u672f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c \u4eba\u7c7b\u5e78\u798f\u3002 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u56de\u9996\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55 \u7684\u5386\u53f2, \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5960\u57fa \u4eba\u548c\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002 \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u6bd5\u751f\u7cbe\u529b\u732e\u7ed9\u67d0 \u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, \u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684 \u5174\u8da3\u5916, \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u575a\u4fe1\u795e\u7528\u7942\u5927\u80fd \u7684\u8bdd\u7ef4\u6301\u3001\u8f7d\u7740\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u4e07\u6709(\u6765\u4e00 3)\u3002\u501f\u7740\u8fd0\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684 \u521b\u9020\u548c\u521b\u9020\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b, \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9886\u7565 \u5e76\u89c1\u8bc1\u795e\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 \u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14·\u6cd5 \u62c9\u7b2c (Michael Faraday)\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a \u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u91cc\u90a3\u4f4d \u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6, \u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5411\u4e3b\u5fe0 \u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u9762 \u524d\u6f14\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c, \u4f7f\u5f97\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e00\u7aa5\u795e\u667a\u6167\u7684\u521b\u9020, \u66f4\u662f \u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u505a\u89c1\u8bc1, \u7267 \u517b\u4e3b\u7684\u7fa4\u7f8a\u3002\u4ed6\u9057\u7559\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u7a3f \u4ef6\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 150 \u7bc7\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f \u4e0a\u8bfe\u524d\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7977\u544a\u534a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6, \u6073\u6c42 \u5723\u7075\u818f\u6cb9\u6d82\u62b9\u4ed6\u7684\u5634\u5507, \u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u8bfe \u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8868,\u662f\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6839\u57fa \u4e0a\u8bb2\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u5feb\u8981\u88ab\u4e3b\u63a5\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u662f\u4f55\u611f\u53d7, \u4ed6\u8bf4: “\u6211\u91cc\u9762\u5f88\u5e73\u9759,\u56e0\u4e3a\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u6240\u4fe1 \u7684\u662f\u8c01, \u4e5f\u6df1\u4fe1\u7942\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b88\u6211\u6240\u6258\u4ed8 \u7684,\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u65e5\u3002” (\u63d0\u540e\u4e00 12) \u8fd9 \u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9057\u8a00\u4e43\u662f: “\u6211 \u7684\u4e00\u751f\u662f\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5949\u6211\u7684\u795e”\u3002\u5728 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a, \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1 \u4e00\u79cd\u656c\u8654\u7684\u529b\u91cf, \u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e, \u4ed6 \u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u591a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u89c4\u5f8b, \u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u591a\u8ba4 \u8bc6\u89c4\u5f8b, \u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u656c\u754f\u795e\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7: \u8bf7\u60a8\u8c08\u8c08\u60a8\u5728\u751f\u6d3b, \u5de5 \u4f5c\u4e2d\u6700\u7ecf\u5386\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u6211\u4fe1\u4e3b\u4ee5\u540e, \u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u5f1f \u5144\u59ca\u59b9\u4e00\u8d77\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u5730\u8fc7\u751c\u7f8e\u7684\u53ec\u4f1a \u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u4fe1\u4e3b\u5e76\u65e0\u62e6\u963b, \u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u8fc7\u53ec\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u6301\u8d1f\u9762 \u6001\u5ea6, \u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u53ec\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d \u6240\u64cd\u7ec3\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6709\u70b9\u592a“\u8fc7”\u4e86\u3002\u6b63 \u5982\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\u4e03\u8282, \u5f53\u9a6c\u5229 \u4e9a\u6253\u7834\u7389\u74f6, \u7528\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u9999\u818f\u818f\u4e3b\u8036 \u7a23\u65f6, \u95e8\u5f92\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4e00\u6837: “\u4f55\u5fc5\u8fd9 \u6837\u6789\u8d39”\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6789\u8d39, \u4e43\u662f\u99a8\u9999\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1, \u89c1\u8bc1\u4e3b\u7684\u7518\u751c\u3002 \u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u5206\u6821(UCSD) \u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c71\u8c37, \u53eb\u505a\u73ab\u7470\u8c37, \u6709 \u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u4ece\u8c37\u5e95\u7a7f\u8fc7\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f4f \u5728\u6821\u56ed\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5f1f\u5144,\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5728\u5468 \u516d\u7684\u6e05\u6668\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u5c71\u8c37\u91cc\u6668\u5174, \u5927\u58f0 \u7977\u8bfb\u4e3b\u7684\u8bdd, \u64cd\u7ec3\u7075\u3002\u8bb0\u5f97\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a \u5468\u4e94, \u56e0\u7740\u5c0f\u6392\u5728\u6211\u5bb6\u91cc\u805a\u4f1a, \u6211 \u53c8\u88ab\u5bb6\u4eba\u65a5\u8d23\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u3002\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u7231 \u7684\u4eba\u8d23\u5907\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u771f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u53d7, \u6211 \u665a\u4e0a\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u538b\u6291\u53c8\u6c89\u91cd, \u57fa \u672c\u4e00\u591c\u65e0\u7720\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5468\u516d\u4e00\u65e9\u6211\u5c31\u8d77 \u6765\u53bb\u4e86\u73ab\u7470\u8c37, \u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u5f1f\u5144\u80fd\u966a\u7740 \u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u7977\u544a\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u90a3\u5929\u5f1f\u5144\u4eec \u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6765, \u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728 \u5c71\u8c37\u91cc\u5927\u58f0\u5730\u547c\u6c42\u4e3b\u540d\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5df2 \u7ecf\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u5230\u5e95\u547c\u6c42\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u58f0, \u53ea\u8bb0 \u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u540e\u6cea\u6d41\u6ee1\u9762, \u91cc\u9762\u5374\u662f\u91cd \u62c5\u53d8\u8f7b\u76c8, \u5728\u5730\u5982\u540c\u5728\u5929, \u6709\u4e00\u79cd \u8981\u98de\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002 \u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u542c\u89c1\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u7684\u8584\u96fe\u91cc\u4f20 \u6765\u4e86\u706b\u8f66\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u8be7 \u5f02, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u7684\u706b\u8f66\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38 \u51c6\u65f6, \u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u65e9\u6668 8 \u70b9 45 \u5206\u4ece\u73ab \u7470\u8c37\u5e95\u7ecf\u8fc7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u624d\u521a\u8fc7\u65e9 8 \u70b9, \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u706b\u8f66\u7ecf\u8fc7\u3002\u968f\u7740\u706b\u8f66 \u6162\u6162\u9760\u8fd1, \u6211\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 Amtrek, \u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5217\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u8282\u8f66\u53a2\u7684 \u5c0f\u706b\u8f66\u3002\u8f66\u5934\u8f66\u5c3e\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272, \u597d\u50cf \u4e00\u5bf9\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u6587\u7ae0, \u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5bf9\u5c16\u62ec\u53f7, \u4f1a\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u8fc5\u901f\u5730 \u5173\u6ce8\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982 \u6b64, \u76ee\u5149\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u805a\u7126\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u90a3\u8282 \u8f66\u53a2\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u753b\u9762,\u81f3\u4eca \u8fd8\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5370\u5728\u6211\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d: \u8f66\u53a2\u5916 \u9762\u671d\u5411\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u88ab\u55b7\u6d82\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1 \u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u7b11\u8138, \u65c1\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u884c\u5927\u5b57“We trust you.”( \u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60 )\u3002\u6211 \u671b\u7740\u5c0f\u706b\u8f66\u6e10\u6e10\u8fdc\u53bb, \u91cd\u65b0\u6d88\u5931\u5728 \u8584\u96fe\u91cc, \u4e5f\u51b2\u5b83\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8138, \u5fc3 \u4e2d\u9ed8\u9ed8\u5730\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8bf4: “Lord,I trust you too.”( \u4e3b,\u6211\u4e5f\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f60 ) \u4ece \u90a3\u4ee5\u540e, \u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u53ec\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u5076\u5c14\u7ecf \u5386\u632b\u6298, \u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u65f6\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u8f6f\u5f31\u9000\u540e, \u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u90a3\u4e2a\u6e05\u6668, \u91cc\u9762\u603b \u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6696\u6696\u7684\u611f\u89c9, \u89c9\u5f97\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00 \u4e0b\u53d8\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u7f8e\u597d, \u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411 \u524d\u3002“\u6bcf\u65e9\u6668\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7684,\u4f60\u7684 \u4fe1\u5b9e,\u53ca\u5176\u5e7f\u5927\u3002”(\u54c0\u4e09 23)\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u65b0\u4eba\u6742\u5fd7:\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u548c\u60a8\u4e00\u6837\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5b66\u4eba\u5b66\u8005, \u53d7\u5230\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3001\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u60a8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bdd\u5417?\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u5085\u5f1f\u5144: \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211 \u89c9\u5f97\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55, \u4e3a\u4eba\u4e00 \u4e16, \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684: “\u7a7a” \u548c“\u6b7b”\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5e7c\u559c\u7231\u6587\u5b66, \u8bfb\u8fc7 \u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u5916\u6587\u5b66\u540d\u8457\u3002\u540d\u8457\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210 \u4e3a\u540d\u8457, \u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u4e00 \u79cd\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u611f, \u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u611f\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u300a\u7ea2 \u697c\u68a6\u300b,\u8868\u9762\u770b\u5199\u5f97\u662f\u5b98\u5ba6\u4eba\u5bb6\u9c9c \u82b1\u7740\u9526\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b, \u5185\u6838\u5374\u662f\u4e66\u5185 \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8c36\u8a00: “\u767d\u832b\u832b\u5927\u5730\u771f\u5e72\u51c0”\u3002 \u738b\u56fd\u7ef4\u8bf4: “\u543e\u4eba\u6b32\u4ee5\u7729\u60d1\u4e4b\u5feb\u4e50 \u533b\u4eba\u4e16\u4e4b\u82e6\u75db, \u662f\u72b9\u6b32\u822a\u65ad\u6e2f\u800c\u81f3 \u6d77, \u5165\u5e7d\u8c37\u800c\u6c42\u660e, \u5c82\u5f92\u65e0\u76ca, \u800c \u53c8\u589e\u4e4b\u3002” \u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u795e\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u9ad8 \u5cf0\u5c31\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u865a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1, \u6587 \u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0, \u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7a7a\u865a\u548c\u6b7b \u4ea1\u7684\u8ff7\u832b\u3002 \u6743\u52bf\u6781\u76db\u5982\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u738b, \u767b\u57fa\u4f0a\u59cb\u5c31 \u9009\u8d24\u4e0e\u80fd, \u6518\u9664\u5978\u51f6\u3002\u4f46\u665a\u5e74\u65f6\u56de \u9996\u524d\u5c18\u5f80\u4e8b, \u4e5f\u4e0d\u514d\u6168\u7136\u800c\u53f9: “\u865a \u7a7a\u7684\u865a\u7a7a,\u865a\u7a7a\u7684\u865a\u7a7a,\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u662f \u865a\u7a7a\u3002\u4eba\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u52b3\u788c, \u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5 \u5149\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u52b3\u788c, \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ca\u5904\u5462?\u6211 \u89c1\u65e5\u5149\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5, \u770b\u54ea, \u90fd\u662f\u865a\u7a7a, \u90fd\u662f\u6355\u98ce”( \u4f20\u4e00 2~3, 14)\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u6839\u6e90, \u4e43\u662f\u5728 \u4e8e\u795e\u9020\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762 \u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u6240\u8a00, \u5728 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u6240\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u771f \u7a7a, \u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u521b\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u586b\u5145, \u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u795e\u901a\u8fc7\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u597d\u4f3c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5668\u76bf, \u82e5\u662f\u6ca1 \u6709\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u5145\u6ee1\u5728\u5176\u5185, \u6211\u4eec\u603b\u4f1a\u6709 \u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u7a7a\u611f\u548c\u65e0\u529b\u611f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6c72\u6c72 \u8425\u6c42\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u795e\u7684\u4e8b\u7269, \u5b9b\u5982\u996e\u9e29\u6b62\u6e34, \u76f4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u89c1\u795e\u7684 \u90a3\u4e00\u5929\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002 \u6bcf\u65e9\u6668\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7684; \u4f60\u7684\u4fe1\u5b9e\u6781\u5176\u5e7f\u5927\u3002(\u54c0\u4e09 23) \u4eba\u751f\u5728\u4e16, \u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a“\u7a7a”\u5b57, \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e3b\u9898 \u5c31\u662f“\u6b7b”\u5b57\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1, \u800c\u662f \u8089\u4f53\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u8352\u8bde\u5267\u5927\u5e08\u5c24\u91d1·\u5c24\u5185\u65af\u5e93(Eugene Ionesco)\u7684\u4e09\u5e55\u5267\u300a\u963f\u66fc\u8fbe\u6216\u5982\u4f55\u6446\u8131\u5b83\u300b(Amédée ou comment s'en débarrasser)\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f: \u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u963f\u66fc\u8fbe\u548c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u53d1 15\u5e74\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u91cc, \u8fc7\u7740\u5f62\u540c\u8def\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5367\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u5177\u4e0d\u77e5\u6765\u6e90\u5374 \u4e0d\u65ad\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5c38\u4f53, \u800c\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c, \u5c31\u662f\u4e0d \u65ad\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5c38\u4f53\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4, \u963f\u66fc\u8fbe\u5728 \u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u6389\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u5019, \u591c\u9047\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf, \u8fd9\u65f6\u5c38 \u4f53\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c14\u7403, \u548c\u963f\u66fc\u8fbe\u4e00\u8d77\u98de\u5411\u4e86\u8fdc\u65b9, \u5168\u5267\u7ec8\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u8868\u9762\u770b\u4f3c\u8352\u8bde\u4e0d\u7ecf, \u5b9e\u5219\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1 \u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898, \u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1, \u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6269\u589e\u3002 \u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u5c40, \u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u6bcf \u4e2a\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6beb\u65e0\u751f\u673a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53, \u7433\u7405\u6ee1\u76ee\u7684\u8f6f\u786c\u5e7f\u544a\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6251 \u9762\u800c\u6765, \u914d\u5408\u7740\u4eba\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7f6a\u6027, \u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6b32\u671b\u6781\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u591a\u5be1, \u5185\u5fc3\u5219\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86 \u7126\u8651, \u4e0d\u5b89, \u5ac9\u5992\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e0d\u582a\u91cd\u8d1f, \u6700 \u7ec8\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u60a3\u5e76\u8d70\u4e0a\u7edd\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5c31\u597d \u50cf\u90a3\u5177\u4e0d\u65ad\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u5c38\u4f53, \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u7a92\u606f, \u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5728 \u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8089\u4f53\u4e0a\u53cc\u91cd\u627c\u6740\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bf4\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u517b\u751f\u4e0e\u906e\u8eab\u4e4b \u7269, \u5c31\u5f53\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u8db3(\u63d0\u524d\u516d 8)\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3, \u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5939\u51fb\u4e0b, \u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u517b\u751f\u4e0e\u906e\u8eab\u4e4b\u7269\u4e3a\u8db3? \u6211\u4eec\u6e34\u6155\u8ffd\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f, \u5e0c\u5180\u9a71\u4f7f\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc, \u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u4e0a\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b, \u5230\u5934\u6765\u5374\u662f\u6211\u4eec \u5f7b\u5e95\u6ca6\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u56da\u5f92, \u7ec8\u751f\u81f3\u6b7b\u88ab\u5974\u5f79\u88ab\u8f96\u5236\u800c\u4e0d\u81ea \u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f96\u5236\u88ab\u300a1844 \u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b(Ökonomisch- philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844) \u79f0\u4e3a \u5f02\u5316 (Entfremdung); \u7136\u800c\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d, \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002 \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u8bf4, “\u4f60\u4eec\u539f\u662f\u6b7b\u5728\u8fc7\u72af\u5e76\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4e2d, \u90a3 \u65f6, \u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u4e8b\u4e3a\u4eba, \u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3, \u987a\u7740\u7a7a\u4e2d \u638c\u6743\u8005\u7684\u9996\u9886, \u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u73b0\u4eca\u5728\u6096\u9006\u4e4b\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u7075\u7684\u9996 \u9886, \u6211\u4eec\u4f17\u4eba\u4ece\u524d\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4, \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u79c1\u6b32\u91cc, \u884c\u4e8b\u4e3a\u4eba, \u884c\u8089\u4f53\u548c\u601d\u5ff5\u6240\u610f\u6b32\u7684, \u751f\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u6012\u7684\u513f\u5973, \u548c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u3002”(\u5f17\u4e8c 1~3) \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1, \u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u6240 \u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7a7a\u865a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531, \u5374\u65e0\u4e0d\u5728\u67b7\u9501\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c24\u5185\u65af\u5e93\u7ed9\u51fa \u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u62b1\u7740\u6c14\u7403\u98de\u8d70, \u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e00\u6d6a\u9ad8\u8fc7\u4e00\u6d6a \u7684\u4eca\u5929, \u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u80fd\u98de\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u5462?\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u5728 \u5916\u9762,\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7075\u91cc\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u516b\u7ae0\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u8282\u8bf4 “\u6240 \u4ee5\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u82e5\u53eb\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u7531,\u4f60\u4eec\u5c31\u771f\u81ea\u7531\u4e86”\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e \u7684\u513f\u5b50, \u540d\u53eb\u8036\u7a23, \u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u4e3a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b, \u6b7b\u540e\u4e09\u5929\u590d\u6d3b, \u6210\u4e86\u8d50\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7075(\u6797\u524d\u5341\u4e94 45)\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211 \u4eec\u82e5\u662f\u655e\u5f00\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075, \u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u7075\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u8036\u7a23\u8fdb\u5230\u6211 \u4eec\u7684\u7075\u91cc, \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u51fa\u6b7b\u5165\u751f, \u4ece\u8d25\u574f\u7684\u5974\u5f79\u5f97\u7740\u91ca\u653e, \u5f97 \u4eab\u795e\u513f\u5973\u4e4b\u8363\u8000\u7684\u81ea\u7531(\u7f57\u516b 21)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u7075;\u4e3b \u7684\u7075\u5728\u54ea\u91cc,\u54ea\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u81ea\u7531(\u6797\u540e\u4e09 17)\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u90a3\u7075\u7684\u679c \u5b50, \u5c31\u662f\u7231\u3001\u559c\u4e50\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u6052\u5fcd\u3001\u6069\u6148\u3001\u826f\u5584\u3001\u4fe1\u5b9e\u3001\u6e29\u67d4\u3001 \u8282\u5236(\u52a0\u4e94 22~23)\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u670b\u53cb\u4eec,\u6211\u8877\u5fc3\u5730\u671f\u76fc\u4f60\u5728\u8bfb\u5b8c\u6b64\u6587\u540e,\u627e\u4e00 \u4e2a\u591c\u6df1\u4eba\u9759\u7684\u591c\u665a,\u9759\u4e0b\u5fc3\u6765\u95ee\u4e00\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1,\u4f60\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u610f\u4e49 \u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u5ea6\u8fc7\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u751f?\u8bd5\u7740\u547c\u6c42\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u7684 \u540d,\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u7740\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u547c\u6c42\u7942\u7684\u4eba \u662f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684(\u7f57\u5341 12)\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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